In 1862, the Tokugawa shogunate commenced publishing the Kampan batabiya shinbun, a translated version of a greatly dispersed Dutch newspaper. These two papers have been published for foreigners, and contained only foreign news. Mussolini was a previous editor; his Fascist regime (1922–1943) took complete control of the media in 1925. https://bookmarkcork.com/story19006886/helping-the-others-realize-the-advantages-of-bulletins